Ke hobane'ng ha foil ea zirconium e hanela kutu?

Mokhoa oa ho theha lera la Passive oxide layer o hlalositsoe

Lejoe la sekhutlo la ho hanyetsa kutu ea zirconium le ka har'a bokhoni ba eona ba ho theha sekhahla sa oxide se sa sebetseng. Ts'ebetso ena, e tsejoang e le passivation, e etsahala ka boithaopo ha zirconium e pepesehela oksijene moeeng kapa litharollong tse nang le metsi. Lera le hlahisoang, haholo-holo le entsoe ka zirconium dioxide (ZrO2), le tšesaane ka mokhoa o ikhethang - hangata ke li-nanometers tse 'maloa feela - empa le sebetsa ka mokhoa o makatsang ho sireletseng tšepe e ka tlase.

Khemistri ea passivation

Neng foil ea zirconium e kopana le oksijene, liathomo tse holim'a tšepe li itšoara ho etsa lera le khomarelang ka thata. Maikutlo ana a ka emeloa ke chemical equation e latelang:

Zr + O2 → ZrO2

Lera le entsoeng ka zirconium dioxide le na le amorphous mme le tsitsitse haholo, le na le ntlha ea ho qhibiliha e ka bang 2700 ° C. Botsitso bona bo tlatsetsa haholo ho thepa ea eona ea tšireletso.

Lintho tsa ho iphekola

E 'ngoe ea likarolo tse ikhethang tsa lesela la zirconium ke bokhoni ba eona ba ho ipholisa. Haeba lesela la oxide le senyehile kapa le hlajoa, le pepesa tšepe e ka tlaase, zirconium e sa tsoa pepesoa e arabela ka potlako ka oksijene ho fetola lera le sireletsang. Thepa ena ea ho iphekola e tiisa tšireletso e tsoelang pele khahlanong le ho bola, esita le libakeng tse thata.

Ho hanyetsa kutu maemong a acidic vs. alkaline

Ho hanyetsa ha kutu ea Zirconium ho fetela ho pH spectrum e pharaletseng, ho etsa hore e loketse ho sebelisoa maemong a nang le asiti e matla le a alkaline e matla. Leha ho le joalo, boitšoaro ba foil ea zirconium e ka fapana ho latela tikoloho e itseng.

Tshebetso maemong a acidic

Libakeng tse nang le asiti, zirconium e bonts'a khanyetso e ikhethang ho li-mineral acid tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa hydrochloric, sulfuric, le nitric acid. Lera la passive oxide le lula le tsitsitse maemong ana, le sireletsa tšepe e ka tlase tlhaselong. Khanyetso ena e bonahala ka ho khetheha ho li-acids tse chesang, tse teteaneng moo lisebelisoa tse ling tse ngata li ka senyehang ka potlako.

Leha ho le joalo, ke habohlokoa ho hlokomela hore zirconium e ka hlaseloa ke hydrofluoric acid le litharollo tse ling tse nang le fluoride, tse ka qhaqhang lera le sireletsang oxide. Maemong ana, limaraka tse khethehileng tsa li-alloys tsa zirconium kapa lisebelisoa tse ling li ka hlokahala.

Boitšoaro ka tharollo ea alkaline

Zirconium e boetse e bonts'a khanyetso e ntle ea kutu libakeng tsa alkaline. The passive oxide layer e lula e tsitsitse ka tharollo e nang le pH ea boleng ho fihla ho 14, e etsa hore e tšoanelehe ho sebelisoa maemong a bohlokoa haholo. Khanyetso ena e fetela ho litharollo tse chesang tsa caustic, moo zirconium e fetang lisebelisoa tse ling tse ngata, ho kenyelletsa le litšepe tse sa hloekang.

Ho tsitsa ha zirconium libakeng tsa alkaline ho hlahisoa ke sebopeho sa amphoteric sa lera la eona la oxide. Sena se bolela hore oxide e ka sebetsa e le acid le setsi, e lumella hore e lule e tsitsitse ho pholletsa le mefuta e mengata ea pH.

Papiso: Zirconium vs. Hastelloy corrosion resistance

Ha u khetha lisebelisoa bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse thibelang kutu, hangata baenjiniere ba bapisa foil ea zirconium ka li-alloys tse ling tse sebetsang hantle, joalo ka Hastelloy. Le ha lisebelisoa tsena ka bobeli li fana ka khanyetso e ntle ea kutu, li na le thepa e ikhethang le libaka tsa ts'ebeliso.

Melemo ea Zirconium

Zirconium e sebetsa hantle haholo libakeng tse senyang haholo, haholo-holo ka acid e chesang ea liminerale le litharollong tsa caustic. Sebaka sa eona sa oxide se se nang letho se fana ka tšireletso e phahameng maemong ana, hangata e feta Hastelloy. Melemo e meng ea bohlokoa ea zirconium e kenyelletsa:

• Ho hanyetsa hamolemo ho sulfuric e chesang le hydrochloric acid
• Ts'ebetso e phahameng ka ho fetisisa libakeng tsa caustic
• Boima bo tlase, bo etsa hore e be bobebe bakeng sa matla a tšoanang
• Sebaka se phahameng sa ho qhibiliha, se loketseng lisebelisoa tse phahameng tsa mocheso

Matla a Hastelloy

Hastelloy, superalloy e thehiloeng ho nickel, e fana ka melemo ea eona lits'ebetsong tse thibelang ho bola:

• Ho hanyetsa ho betere ho oxidizing acid joalo ka asiti ea nitric
• Lintho tse phahameng tsa mechine ka mocheso o phahameng
• Khanyetso e kholo ea khatello ea maikutlo ho corrosion cracking
• Betere weldability le formability

Khetho e khethehileng ea kopo

Khetho pakeng tsa zirconium le Hastelloy hangata e itšetlehile ka litlhoko tse khethehileng tsa kopo. Mohlala, lisebelisoa tsa ho lokisa lik'hemik'hale tse sebetsanang le sulfuric acid e chesang, foil ea zirconium e ka ba khetho e ratoang. Leha ho le joalo, bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse kenyelletsang li-acid tse oxidizing kapa tse hlokang matla a mocheso o phahameng, Hastelloy e kanna ea ba e loketseng haholoanyane.

Ho bohlokoa ho nahana ka lintlha tse joalo ka tikoloho e senyang, mocheso oa ts'ebetso, litlhoko tsa mochini, le litšenyehelo ha u khetha lipakeng tsa lisebelisoa tsena. Maemong a mang, motsoako oa lisebelisoa ka bobeli o ka sebelisoa likarolong tse fapaneng tsa sistimi ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le ho boloka litšenyehelo.

fihlela qeto e

The e ikhethang corrosion resistance of foil ea zirconium ke phello ea mokhoa oa eona o ikhethang oa ho etsa lesela la oxide. Lera lena la ho itšireletsa le iphelisang le lumella zirconium ho mamella mefuta e mengata ea libaka tse senyang, ho tloha ho li-acid tse matla ho ea ho tharollo ea alkaline. Le ha li-alloys tse ling tse sebetsang hantle joalo ka Hastelloy li fana ka melemo ea tsona, thepa e ikhethileng ea zirconium e e etsa thepa ea bohlokoa lits'ebetsong tse ngata tsa indasteri moo ho hanyetsang kutu ho leng bohlokoa haholo.

Bakeng sa ba liindastering tse kang ts'ebetso ea lik'hemik'hale, sepakapaka, kapa tlhahiso ea matla a nyutlelie, moo ho hanyetsanang le kutu ho leng bohlokoa, foil ea zirconium e fana ka khetho e ntle ea thepa. Bokhoni ba eona ba ho boloka bots'epehi maemong a thata bo ka lebisa bophelong bo bolelele ba lisebelisoa, ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhokomelo, le polokeho e ntlafetseng.

Haeba u nahana ka foil ea zirconium bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa hau tse sa jeng, u se ke ua sheba hole le Baoji Freelong New Material Technology Development Co., Ltd. E fumaneha Titanium Valley ea China, re sebetsa ka thata ho hlahisa zirconium, titanium, nickel, niobium, tantalum, le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa boleng bo holimo. Boitlamo ba rona ba boleng le khotsofalo ea bareki bo entse hore re tšepe bareki ho pholletsa le Australia, Korea, Jeremane, US, UK, Malaysia, Middle East, Taiwan, le ho feta. Re motlotlo ka ho kopana le ho feta tebello ea boleng ba bareki ba rona, ntle le ho sekisetsa botšepehing ba lintho tse bonahalang.

Na u se u itokiselitse ho hlahloba hore na foil ea rona ea zirconium e ka ntlafatsa lits'ebetso tsa hau tse thibelang kutu? Ikopanye le rona kajeno ho jenny@bjfreelong.com ho buisana ka litlhoko tsa hau tse ikhethileng le ho fumana hore na boiphihlelo ba rona bo ka u tsoela molemo joang merero ea hau.

References

1. Cox, B. (2005). Mehopolo e meng mabapi le mekhoa ea ho bola ha in-reactor ea li-alloys tsa zirconium. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 336 (2-3), 331-368.

2. Motta, AT, Couet, A., & Comstock, RJ (2015). Ho bola ha li-alloys tsa zirconium tse sebelisetsoang ho koahela mafura a nyutlelie. Tlhahlobo ea Selemo le Selemo ea Lipatlisiso tsa Lisebelisoa, 45, 311-343.

3. Nagase, F., & Fuketa, T. (2005). Patlisiso ea phello ea rim ea hydride mabapi le ho hloleha ha Zircaloy-4 ho koaheloa ka tlhahlobo ea ho phatloha ha tube. Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 42 (1), 58-65.

4. Pecheur, D., Godlewski, J., Billot, P., & Thomazet, J. (1996). Microstructure ea lifilimi tsa oxide tse entsoeng nakong ea ho bola ha metsi a Zircaloy-4 sebakeng sa lithiated. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 232 (1), 61-76.

5. Schemel, JH (1977). Buka ea ASTM ka zirconium le hafnium. ASTM International.

6. Yao, MY, Zhou, BX, Li, Q., Liu, WQ, Geng, X., & Lu, YP (2008). Boitšoaro bo phahameng ba ho senyeha ha Zircaloy-4 metsing a lithiated ka 360 ° C / 18.6 MPa ka β-quenching. Journal of Nuclear Materials, 374 (1-2), 197-203.